Vegetable Update for December 31, 2005

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PROCESSING CROP UPDATE

TOMATO & PEPPER EDITION
Prepared by: Janice LeBoeuf, OMAFRA Vegetable Crop Specialist

SEASON SUMMARY 2005 (Part 1 of 2)

The Processing Crop Updates are prepared through the season. Would you like to be added to the e-mail distribution list?

Call me at (519) 674-1699 or email janice.leboeuf@ontario.ca

2005 Processing Crop Update Topics - Tomatoes and Peppers
Tomato Fungicides
Broadleaf Weed Control in Tomatoes
Tomato Bacterial Disease Control Strategy
Tomato and Pepper Herbicides: Keeping the Facts Straight

2005 Processing Crop Update Topics - Tomatoes and Peppers

Jan 26	Planning for 2005 fungicide needs; Tomato fungicides; Tomato and pepper session – Ontario Fruit and Vegetable Convention
Feb 14	Tomato fungicides; Permit to take water clinic; Information on weed control products now on-line; Revised irrigation BMP manual now available; Coming events
Apr 15	Tomato & pepper scout IPM training; Dual Magnum registered on peppers; Broadleaf weed control in tomatoes
May 19	Tomato bacterial disease control strategy; Vegetable and weed supplements online; Soil quality workshop
June 2	Tomato and pepper herbicides: Keeping the facts straight; Materials, mixing, and mixtures; Southwest crop diagnostic days
June 14	TomCast DSVs now online; Organic growers receive minor use registration for Entrust (spinosad) insecticide
July 5	Variegated cutworm; Other worms in tomatoes; Environmental farm plan
July 26	Recognizing verticillium wilt in tomatoes; Soil sampling for verticillium and nematode analysis; Preharvest intervals for tomato pesticides
Aug 23	New OMAFRA website address; Lots of aphid-eaters out there; Preharvest intervals for pepper pesticides
Sept 2	Spider mites
Sept 27	Powdery mildew in peppers; New OMAFRA Factsheets; Ontario Waste Agricultural Pesticide Collection Program
Nov 29	Drip irrigation workshops; PMRA pesticide re-evaluation update; Coming events

Read the latest Processing Crop Updates ("Tomato and Pepper" or "Sweet Corn, Beans, and Pea" editions) at http://apps.omafra.gov.on.ca/scripts/english/crops/agriphone/index.asp.

A sampling of 2005 articles from the Tomato and Pepper Processing Crop Update is below.

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Tomato Fungicides

Here’s a refresher on some of the commonly used and the new fungicides for tomatoes. Keep resistance management in mind and be sure to rotate between pesticide families.

Active ingredient (Product)

Group Code and

Chemical Group

Labelled pests

Azoxystrobin

(Quadris)

QoI (Quinone outside inhibitors)

Anthracnose, early blight

Boscalid

(Lance WDG)

carboxamides

Early blight, botrytis gray mold

Captan

(various formulations)

phthalamides

Early blight, late blight, septoria leaf spot, anthracnose, gray leaf spot

Chlorothalonil

(Bravo 500 F)

chloronitriles

Early blight, late blight, septoria leaf spot, anthracnose, botrytis gray mold

copper hydroxide (various formulations)

inorganics

Early blight, late blight, septoria leaf spot, bacterial spot, bacterial canker

famoxadone/cymoxanil

(Tanos 50DF)

11, 27

QoI (Quinone outside inhibitors), cyanoacetamide-oxine

Early blight, late blight

Mancozeb

(various formulations)

dithiocarbamates

Early blight, late blight, anthracnose, gray leaf spot

Metiram

(Polyram)

dithiocarbamates

Early blight, late blight, gray leaf spot, anthracnose, septoria leaf spot

Pyraclostrobin

(Cabrio)

QoI (Quinone outside inhibitors)

Early blight, late blight, septoria leaf spot, anthracnose

* The M group is multi-site contact activity fungicides. There is no cross-resistance between subgroups of the M group. This group has a low risk of resistance development.

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Broadleaf Weed Control In Tomatoes

By Darren Robinson, Plant Ag. (Ridgetown College), Al Hamill, AAFC, and Janice LeBoeuf, OMAF

The efficacy of postemergence herbicides sprays is dependent on many factors, including spray timing, weather at the time of application and weed species. Weeds should be targeted when they are young (2-3 leaf stage) and actively growing (i.e. not under stress as a result of dry conditions or very cold or hot temperatures) to ensure the best level of control possible. The following table summarizes data collected from Ridgetown and Harrow over the past four growing seasons. Results vary depending on growing conditions and weed stage at the time of application, but give a good estimate of the level of weed control on a product-by-product basis. A pre-plant incorporated treatment of Dual II Magnum (0.5 L/ac) plus Sencor 480L (300 ml/ac) or Sencor DF (200 g/ac) was applied prior to transplanting.

Table 1. Mean percent control of broadleaf weeds for postemergence tomato herbicides. Shaded cells indicate better than 85% control.

Sencor split application¹	Sencor micro-rates²	Pinnacle (3.2 g/ac)	Prism (24 g/ac)³	Weed species
100	97	88	76	lambsquarters
100	100	97	96	redroot pigweed
94	88	55	73	eastern black nightshade
90	81	63	64	common ragweed
100	100	63	65	velvetleaf
0	0	88	76	triazine-tolerant lambsquarters
			Labeled for suppression⁴	hairy nightshade

1 – Two applications of Sencor 480F (180 ml/ac) or Sencor DF (120 g/ac) were made during the growing season to weeds at the 1-2 leaf stage. Only one year’s data on this treatment.
2 – Three applications of Sencor 480F (120 ml/ac) or Sencor DF (80 g/ac) were made during the growing season to weeds at the cotyledon leaf stage.
3 – Prism is also labeled for control of annual grasses, but only suppresses yellow foxtail.
4 – Weed not present in research trials.

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Tomato Bacterial Disease Control Strategy

It’s that time of year again, to review the bacterial disease control strategy for tomatoes!

For the field grower, ensure that your transplants have received the recommended copper spray program in the greenhouse. In the field, start to apply a registered copper fungicide within 7 days after transplanting - apply at least 3 applications at 7-day intervals. If weather conditions are ideal for bacterial disease (ie. if there is a lot of wet weather), you may want to continue applications until early fruit set.

The key to this strategy is early prevention and control of bacterial diseases, before the population has a chance to build. Since we cannot predict the onset or severity of bacterial disease, these early prevention and control strategies should be a part of your production system every year. Once bacterial disease symptoms are present, it is too late to start to think about control.

Many research trials across North America have shown that tank-mixing mancozeb with copper enhances bacterial disease control.

To review the recommendation for tomato transplant production, a registered fixed copper fungicide should be applied according to label instructions, starting 2 ½ weeks after seeding, then every 5 days for a total of 5 applications. Apply in sufficient water to wet foliage just to runoff, not to drench the plug. This should be applied after the last watering of the day.

Note: Most bacterial speck populations in Ontario are resistant to copper fungicides.

Always read and follow label directions.

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Tomato and Pepper Herbicides: Keeping the Facts Straight

Each herbicide has its own peculiarities, and it’s hard for most of us to keep straight which restriction goes with which product. Here is a quick reference guide to some of the key points for a few commonly used tomato and pepper herbicides. Remember, there’s a lot of other Really Important Stuff on the pesticide label, so take the time to read it through on a regular basis.

Quick Reference Chart on Water Volume, Spray Pressures, and Pre-harvest Intervals

Product

Recommended water volume

Recommended pressure

Pre-harvest Interval

metolachlor

(Dual)

minimum 150 L/ha

minimum 16 gpa

200 – 300 kPa

29 – 43 psi

60 days (tomatoes)

80 days (peppers)

metribuzin

(eg. Sencor)

150 – 300 L/ha

16 – 32 gpa

150 – 275 kPa

22 – 40 psi

60 days (tomatoes, for single post appl’n rate)

trifluralin

(eg. Treflan, Bonanza)

minimum of 100 L/ha

minimum of 11 gpa

rimsulfuron

(Prism)

minimum of 100 L/ha

minimum of 11 gpa

175 – 275 kPa

25 – 40 psi

30 days (tomatoes)

thifensulfuron-methyl

(Pinnacle)

minimum of 100 L/ha

minimum of 11 gpa

not specified

45 days (tomatoes)

Pinnacle + Prism tank mix

200 L/ha

21 gpa

not specified

45 days (tomatoes)

fenoxaprop-p-ethyl

(Excel Super)

minimum of 110 L/ha

minimum of 12 gpa

275 kPa

40 psi

55 days (tomatoes)

sethoxydim

(Poast Ultra)

50 – 100 L/ha

5.3 – 11 gpa

higher for dense weeds, quackgrass

minimum of 240 kPa

minimum of 35 psi

60 days (tomatoes)

30 days (peppers)

fluazifop

(Venture)

50 – 200 L/ha

5.3 – 21 gpa

200 – 300 kPa

29 – 43 psi

60 days (tomatoes)

gpa = US gallons/ac

Notes on Tomato and Pepper Herbicides

metolachlor (Dual)

·Do not apply to soils that contain less than 1% or more than 10% organic matter.

· Use the higher rate for heavier weed infestations, for nightshade, and for yellow nutsedge. Use the lower rate in sandy, low organic matter soils.

·Apply to tomatoes ppi. Incorporate shallowly to maintain spatial separation between herbicide treated zone and developing tomato roots. However, deeper incorporation aids in nutsedge control.

·Apply to bell peppers within 48 hours of transplanting.

metribuzin (Sencor)

· Do not use on coarse soils with less than 2% organic matter. Do not use on muck soils, as subsequent crops may be injured.

·Use the lower rate on sandy soils. Do not apply the maximum total amounts of metribuzin mentioned on the label for each soil type within a time span of less than 35 days.

· Allow at least 14 days between applications.

· Three days of sunny weather should follow cloudy, cool weather before spraying metribuzin postemergence.

·Avoid contacting at least the top 2/3 of the tomato foliage with spray.

· Apply postemergence applications no earlier than 3 weeks after transplanting. Transplants must have recovered from transplant shock and new growth should be evident.

· When using the “micro-rate” of 300 mL/ha on sunny days, application should be made in the afternoon or early evening.

·Triazine resistant weeds will not be controlled.

trifluralin (Treflan)

· Do not apply to peat or muck soils or soils with more than 15% organic matter. Do not apply to soils with less than 2% organic matter.

· Do not apply to fields spread with manure within the last 12 months.

· Incorporate the product by working the soil in two directions after application.

· Use the higher rate for heavier or higher organic matter soils.

· Be sure to set transplant plugs below the depth of incorporation to avoid injury to the crop.

· When using a Treflan+Dual+Sencor tank mix, be sure to follow the detailed mixing instructions on the Treflan label (order – Sencor, Treflan, Dual)

rimsulfuron

(Prism)

·Make only one application per year.

·Use with a recommended non-ionic surfactant.

·Ensure good spray coverage.

·Rapid fluctuations in temperature (20 C or more) shortly before application or temperatures below 5 C or above 28 C within 24 hours before or after application can increase crop injury.

thifensulfuron-methyl (Pinnacle)

· Some tomato varieties are sensitive to Pinnacle. Consult your processor or seed supplier before applying Pinnacle, or test spray a small test block of the variety in question.

· Make only one application per year.

· Apply three weeks after transplanting in the field.

·Use with a recommended non-ionic surfactant.

·Injury is more likely if applied when temperatures are above 32 C or the plants have been injured by frost.

All herbicides

Always read and follow label instructions.

Preharvest Intervals for Tomato Pesticides

Fungicides
Product	Active ingredient	Preharvest Interval
Lance	boscalid	0 days
Cabrio	pyraclostrobin	0 days
Quadris	azoxystrobin	1 day
Bravo	chlorothalonil	1 day
Copper 53W, Copper Spray, Kocide	fixed coppers, various	1 day
Captan, Maestro	captan	2 days
Tanos	famoxadone, cymoxanil	3 days
Dithane, Manzate	mancozeb	7 days
Polyram	metiram	7 days

Insecticides
Product	Active ingredient	Preharvest Interval
Bioprotec CAF, Dipel, Novodor	Bacillus thuringiensis	0 days
Diazinon	diazinon	1 day
Lannate	methomyl	1 day
Pounce	permethrin	1 day
Success	spinosad	1 day
Sevin	carbaryl	2 days
Thiodan, Endosulfan	endosulfan	2 days
Malathion	malathion	3 days
Assail	acetamiprid	7 days
Guthion	azinphos-methyl	7 days
Matador	cyhalothrin-lambda	7 days
Cygon	dimethoate	7 days
Dibrom	naled	not specified

Preharvest Intervals for Pepper Pesticides

Post-emerge Herbicides
Product	Active ingredient	Preharvest Interval
Poast Ultra	sethoxydim	30 days

Fungicides
Product	Active ingredient	Preharvest Interval
Lance	boscalid	0 days
Cabrio	pyraclostrobin	0 days
Copper 53W, Copper Spray, Kocide, Coppercide, Basicop, Parasol	fixed coppers, various	1 day

Insecticides
Product	Active ingredient	Preharvest Interval
Success, Entrust	spinosad	1 day
Pounce	permethrin	1 day
Bioprotec CAF	Bacillus thuringiensis	1 day
Thiodan, Endosulfan, Thionex	endosulfan	2 days
Furadan	carbofuran	2 days
Sevin	carbaryl	2 days
Pirimor	pirimicarb	3 days
Malathion	malathion	3 days
Decis	deltamethrin	3 days
Diazinon, Diazol, DZN	diazinon	5 days
Cygon, Lagon	dimethoate	7 days
Orthene	acephate	7 days

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This information is provided as a public service, but we cannot guarantee that the information is current or accurate.
Readers should verify the information before acting on it.

Feedback and technical inquiries to: ag.info@omafra.gov.on.ca
Queen's Printer for Ontario

PROCESSING CROP UPDATE

TOMATO & PEPPER EDITIONPrepared by: Janice LeBoeuf, OMAFRA Vegetable Crop Specialist

TOMATO & PEPPER EDITION
Prepared by: Janice LeBoeuf, OMAFRA Vegetable Crop Specialist